Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI)

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a serious complication of blood transfusions that is thought to be most commonly caused by a reaction to White Blood Cell antibodies present primarily in the plasma component of blood products. When transfused, these antibodies can sometimes activate a type of White Blood Cell called a granulocyte, which causes plasma to leak into the lungs, creating fluid accumulation — a condition referred to as acute pulmonary edema. According to the Food and Drug Administration, TRALI is a leading cause of transfusion-related deaths in both male and female patients, contributing to an average of 24 fatalities annually from 2003-2005. 

Plasma containing blood components obtained from certain donors are thought to carry a higher risk of causing TRALI. Donors who are more likely to have these antibodies include women who have been pregnant and developed these antibodies as a result of exposure to fetal blood and donors who have previously received a transfusion or transplant.

There is currently no screening test for the prevention of TRALI, and there is no single intervention that can eliminate the risk of TRALI.

Quick Links:
Misconceptions about TRALI Risk Reduction Recommendations 
Association Bulletin #06-07 (Members Only)


03/07

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